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                <text>1846; Wichi Homelands(Gran Chaco,Bolivia)</text>
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                <text>NMAI_146283; &lt;a href="http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws669756d29-1e6c-4f1a-81eb-9a5d59c064fd" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws669756d29-1e6c-4f1a-81eb-9a5d59c064fd&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>1760-1800; Lenape homelands (New Jersey, USA); Fur Trade era</text>
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                    <text>While this animal may look like a snake, it is correctly described as a Naamsskii. Naamsskii translates to “has a nothing face“ and in the Pikani culture, Naamsski charms are made for males while turtle charms are made for females. Each charm was made uniquely for each child so they could be identified by their charm from a distance. In some cultures, Naamsski also means lizard so it can be believed that is why this charm is snakelike. The amulet tail is also said to rattle which further adds to its snake-like appearance. Lastly, as a children's item, it makes sense for this charm to be simple and not include any fangs.&#13;
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                    <text>This item is brightly colored as it was made for children. These amulets were made to honor children as they were considered gifts of the creator. In many circumstances, these amulets would be an infant's first toy inferring that this item is made of mostly soft materials. These amulets also served as a symbolic connection between mother and child as it contained a dried umbilical cord in a pouch within the amulet. This toy further symbolized meaning, it provided protection of the children and these amulets were often seen to keep children from being sick.&#13;
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                    <text>The design of these amulets is very intricate and made of many materials that all have meanings in the Pikani culture. First, the beads that line most of the entire amulet likely came from trade with settlers. Beading was seen as a craft where artists expressed themselves and their beliefs and designs could be passed down generatinally. This amulet is also made with hide. Like many tribes, Pikani used as far as animals for toys and other items and believed animals sacrificed themselves for the natives. As animal was used in many toys, it can be inferred that animal was used to string the beads.</text>
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&#13;
https://mootookakiossin.ca/explore/objects/amulet_MAA_1929/main&#13;
&#13;
https://collections.maa.cam.ac.uk/objects/487824/</text>
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                <text> Naamsskii Amulet</text>
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                <text>Uploaded by Izayiah Hawes</text>
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                <text>A disassembled pipe alongside a bag that was used to keep the two pieces together.  Bag and stem dyed with red ochre</text>
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                <text>Blackfoot Digital Library: 3D Collection: &lt;a href="https://www.blackfootdigitallibrary.com/digital/collection/bdl"&gt;https://www.blackfootdigitallibrary.com/digital/collection/bdl &lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Currently Cambridge university's collection, a part of the MAA</text>
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                <text>Pipe: wood, Bag: swan's foot hide, Bowl: an unknown brown rock</text>
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                <text>Canadian and US prairies</text>
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                <text>Uploaded by Vince Zamora</text>
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                <text>National Museum of the American Indian</text>
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                <text>Hide, glass bead/beads</text>
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              <text>This piece of art is from the Duwamish Tribe back in Seattle Washington and we were actually given these when my mom started her Dental Practice there over 20 years ago. I’ve seen this piece of art countless times as I go into work but I actually have never done any research on where this is from or what it represents. So after some time and research, this piece of art was relevant to trade because of the story that it tells. There are many interpretations of this artwork since there are many tribes in the Pacific Northwest, but they all have the same basics. On top is the mythical Thunderbird and on the bottom is the mimlos-whale. There was a great flood at the time and the thunderbird fought a long battle with the mimlos-whale. He would seize the whale in his talons but the whale kept escaping. It was a game of cat and mouse, but finally at the end the mimlos-whale managed to escape to the deep sea. Due to this event, the Duwamish and other native tribes believe that this is why no trees grow on the Olympic Peninsula prairies and other places around there because the winds were so strong that it pulled trees out of the ground.</text>
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              <text>From the old tales, the mimlos-whale/killer whale is actually depicted as the evil nature in this story. The Duwamish believed in balance and harmony and this killer whale represented the bad of it. From the story it also explains that this battle was the reason why the mimlos-whale decided to stay in the deep ocean and the thunderbird stayed in the skies. Balanced as it should be. Although the killer whale is represented as evil in the story, the animal is assigned with great strength and longevity. Which has been shown in the story on how he keeps battling and never giving up even when it seems like it's over.</text>
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              <text>So this is the legendary Thunderbird. The thunderbird was a mighty beast that was said to bring lighting, floods, thunder, and great winds. This mighty beast brought lighting from his chest, made the strong winds from the flapping of his wings, which is why no trees grow on the Olympic Peninsula. He also could bring great floods with just an angry mood. He is rumored to have lived in the Olympic glacial field under the ice, and everytime he returned the ice would move and shake. Most importantly, this creature was very important to Indigenous Tribes in the Pacific Northwest because he represented a supernatural being that connected the spiritual world with the physical world.</text>
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              <text>The faces and markings on the whale are a bit odd but they make sense. The face next to the head of the whale is actually the white spot on the orca, like how they're actually eyes are not the giant white spots on their head. However I think that this face is meant to represent some kind of evil or bad action. &#13;
&#13;
The middle part of the thunderbird is actually said to be two monstrous feathered snakes and they dart out whenever they want to create lighting when angered, but these two faces are a part of something good(Thunderbird). &#13;
&#13;
The face on the orca’s fin represents evil. Just like the other face, they all add up to make the evil(which is the whale), and in balance you have the two snakes to balance out the two faces. In the end everything is balanced. &#13;
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                <text>Donated to us by Duwamish tribe patients</text>
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                <text>https://pnsn.org/outreach/native-american-stories/thunderbird-and-whale/thunderbird-and-whale-overview https://www.pnsn.org/outreach/native-american-stories/thunderbird-and-whale/thunderbird-and-whale-stories/tales-from-the-hoh-and-quileute https://nativecanadianarts.com/gallery/kwa-gulth-thunderbird-and-killer-whale/ https://theenlightenmentjourney.com/the-thunderbird-and-whale-tlingit-story-of-transformation/ https://www.britannica.com/topic/thunderbird-mythological-bird</text>
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                <text>Was made before I was born and probably before my parents were born or even further back. </text>
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                <text>Given as gifts to us. </text>
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                <text>Oregon Province Archives of the Society of Jesus Indian Language Collection: The Pacific Northwest Tribes</text>
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                <text>Three oil paintings and twelve watercolors by Monroe Frederick, who is noted as being a Hopi student. The collection includes portraits of Hopi and Navajo Indian men, and a painting of a traditional village. One oil painting, titled “Hopi Girl”, is painted on fabric canvas and signed “Monroe Frederick” on the lower right edge. The second oil painting, depicting two Indian boys is painted on canvas on board, signed “Monroe Frederick after E. Irving Crouse."</text>
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